May 19, 2012

Having Your Own Corporation May Not Be the Answer to Everything

This week’s question:

I am thinking about going into business for myself and I need some legal help. It seems to me that a corporation is the only way to go to keep creditors away just in case my new business is not successful. Isn’t it true that only my corporation would be responsible for corporate debts?

/s/Kevin K.

Almaden Valley

 

Dear Kevin—

The short answer to you question, Kevin, is a definite maybe. Maybe yes and maybe no. Let me explain.

Let us assume that your corporation was properly set up in terms of articles of incorporation, bylaws, and all the rest. Let us further assume that the corporation incurred a business debt. This does not automatically assume that only your corporation is responsible for the business debt.

A creditor could possibly argue in court that you are the “alter ego” of your corporate entity. If that argument were upheld in court, you could possibly be personally responsible for the business debt, along with your corporation.

These principles were discussed in a recent case arising out of Los Angeles County Superior Court. The case is entitled Misik v. D’Arco and it was decided July 27, 2011 by the Second Appellate District.

In the Misik case, Mr. Misik loaned Mr. D’Arco’s company, Sayrahan Group, LLC $150,000. A default occurred and a judgment was entered after trial in favor of Mr. Misik for the $150,000. However, the initial judgment was only against Mr. D’Arco’s corporation and not against him personally.

An appeal followed by Mr. Misik and the Court of Appeal found that even after a trial, personal liability under the “alter ego” theory of liability could be imposed against Mr. D’Arco, even without a finding of actual fraud. A finding of “injustice” in adhering to the fiction of the separate existence of the corporation may be sufficient.

The Court of Appeal discussed the various conditions under which the corporate entity may be disregarded and personal liability imposed for business debts.

One factor is whether there is a sufficient unity of interest and ownership between the corporation and the individual or organization controlling it that the separate personalities of the individual and the corporation no longer exist.

And a second factor is whether treating the acts as those of the corporation alone will sanction a fraud, promote injustice, or cause an inequitable result.

Almaden Times readers can read this case for themselves by going to their favor search engine and entering Misik v. D’Arco and hitting “go.” Several ways to access the case should be on your screen in a heartbeat.

/s/Donald J. DeVries

Almaden Valley

 

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Your Notary May Require A Thumbprint For Her Journal

THIS WEEK’S QUESTION:
 
I went to see a Notary Public last week to sign a simple trust transfer deed to put our house into our new living trust. The Notary demanded that I place a thumbprint in her Notary journal. I refused to do so since this is an invasion of privacy, just like body scans and pat-down searches at the airport. Can I sue the Notary for invasion of privacy?
 
/s/Nicole N.
Almaden Valley
 
I fully sympathize with you that it seems like there are more and more invasions of our privacy these days. However, in the case of the Notary, it seems to me that she was just doing her job.
 
California Notaries need to comply with various provisions of the law as found in the California Government Code. They really do not have choice as to fulfilling certain requirements. If they do not follow the law, they could be in serious trouble.
 
For example, all signers of all powers of attorney as well as deeds, quitclaim deeds and deeds of trust affecting any real property must leave a right thumbprint in the Notary’s journal of notarial acts.
 
A journal thumbprint is not required of signers of deeds of reconveyance and trustee’s deeds resulting from a decree of foreclosure or a nonjudicial foreclosure.
 
What if the right thumbprint is not available for some reason? Then the Notary is required to obtain the left thumbprint or a print of any available finger. Of course, the Notary needs to note that fact in her or his journal.
 
Why is the thumbprint needed? It is believed that a thumbprint in the Notary journal is a strong deterrent to forgery since it represents absolute proof of the forger’s identity.
 
The Notary may ask for a thumbprint for every notarial act and, if the signer is willing, it can be given for other notarial acts. 
 
A Notary who willfully fails to obtain a thumbprint in the journal as required by law is subject to a civil penalty of up to $2,500.
 
In California, the Notary’s “boss” is the California Secretary of State, not any other employer. Almaden Times readers can learn more about Notaries by checking out the National Notary Association web site at www.NationalNotary.org.

Of course, the Notary is not authorized to give legal advice. Only licensed attorneys are licensed to practice law.
 
/s/Donald J. DeVries
Almaden Valley
 
Donald J. DeVries is an attorney practicing law in the Almaden Valley. Past Almaden Times articles since 1986 can be accessed through his web site: www.almadenvalleylawyers.com. If you would like him to answer your question in his next Almaden Times column, you can reach him by email at don@almadenvalleylawyers.com, with “Almaden Times” in the subject line, fax at (408)268-6502, telephone at (408)268-9500, or mail at DeVries & Horowitz, 6475 Camden Avenue, Suite 200, San Jose, CA 95120. Your matters are personal and private, so of course, he will not disclose your identity or any details about your situation. Mr. DeVries writes this column to provide you with general information about important legal matters affecting California residents—not to give you legal advice about your specific matter. No attorney-client relationship is created by these articles. The law is complex and constantly changing and varies from state to state. So you should consult an attorney before taking any action that would affect your personal or business matters.